Type 2 diabetes
The gut microbiome is closely linked to carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In the clinical practice of Han's United, type 2 diabetes is among the treated conditions in a cohort of over 15,000 patients.
Important: FMT does not replace standard diabetes therapy. It is a complementary method aimed at improving metabolic parameters through microbiota modulation.
What is type 2 diabetes?
A chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
About the condition
In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Over time, the pancreas becomes exhausted.
Epidemic: Over 400 million people worldwide live with type 2 diabetes, and the numbers are growing. At Han's United, T2D is among the actively treated indications.
Symptoms and complications
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Fatigue, slow wound healing
- Risk of cardiovascular disease
- Kidney, eye, and nerve damage
- Diabetic foot
Microbiome and glucose
- Microbiome composition differs in T2D
- Bacteria influence GLP-1 (incretin) production
- Dysbiosis amplifies inflammation and resistance
- Akkermansia muciniphila is associated with better glycemic control
Standard treatment
Includes lifestyle changes, metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, sometimes insulin.
Many patients fail to achieve target HbA1c levels even with optimal therapy. Microbiome modulation may become an additional tool for control.
Why FMT for type 2 diabetes?
Studies show that the microbiome influences insulin sensitivity and glycemic control through several mechanisms.
Dysbiosis in T2D
Decrease in beneficial bacteria, pathogen overgrowth
Insulin resistance
Inflammation, endotoxins (LPS), disrupted signaling
FMT from a healthy donor
Restoration of a healthy microbiome
Improved parameters
Better glucose control, reduced inflammation
Mechanism of action
A healthy microbiome improves intestinal barrier function, reducing the penetration of endotoxins (LPS) that cause inflammation and insulin resistance. It also restores the production of beneficial metabolites and short-chain fatty acids.
Potential effects of FMT
- Improved insulin sensitivity
- Reduced fasting glucose levels
- Decreased systemic inflammation
- Increased microbiome diversity
Research status: FMT for T2D is at the stage of active clinical research. Results are encouraging but require large-scale trials. Results are individual.
Research results
Scientific data show a link between the microbiome and glucose control. At Han's United, type 2 diabetes is treated as part of clinical practice.
-0.5%
HbA1c reduction in some studies
+50%
Improvement in insulin sensitivity
15,000+
Patients in the Han's United cohort
Nature
Publications in leading journals
Key studies
- Vrieze et al., Gastroenterology 2012: FMT improved insulin sensitivity in patients with metabolic syndrome (including prediabetes)
- De Groot et al., Gut Microbes 2020: FMT from lean donors to T2D patients showed improvement in metabolic markers
- Han's United clinical practice: Type 2 diabetes is among the conditions treated with FMT in a cohort of over 15,000 patients (Tian Hongliang et al., 2025)
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Patient story
Experience with complementary therapy for type 2 diabetes
"I've had type 2 diabetes for 6 years now, taking metformin. After a course of FMT, I noticed my sugar levels became more stable, with fewer spikes. My HbA1c dropped from 7.8 to 7.1 over six months. Of course, I continue watching my diet and taking medications, but FMT seems to have helped as part of the overall approach."
Li H.
58 years old, Shangrao
Name changed. Results are individual.
Related conditions
FMT is also being studied for other metabolic and immune disorders
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Looking for additional methods to manage diabetes?
If standard therapy is not providing sufficient control, contact us via Telegram or WhatsApp. A doctor will assess the possibility of incorporating FMT into your treatment program.
Free consultation · We respond within 24 hours
China, Jiangxi Province, Shangrao City, Guangxin District, West Binjiang Road